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Battle of Ammunition Hill

Throughout history, the Jewish People has maintained a presence in Jerusalem, ever since King David established the city as his capital nearly 3,000 years ago. Except for a very few periods, when they were forcibly barred from living in the city by foreign conquerors, Jews have always lived in Jerusalem. It is for this reason that Jews regard the city as their national center. Throughout millennia, and in the face of conquest, forced exile, violence and discrimination, Jews have maintained their direct link to Jerusalem, returning to live in their city again and again.

Between 1949 and 1967, while Jerusalem was divided between Israel and Jordan, there was an Israeli enclave about a mile to the east of the border, in the Jordanian part of town. This was Mount Scopus, with the campus of the Hebrew university and Haddassh hospital. There was an agreement whereby every two weeks 200 Israelis would cross Jordanian territory to the enclave, and sit there until the next group replaced them two weeks later.

Throughout the whole period everyone knew that sooner or later the war would resume, and that when that happened Israel would try to reconnect the mountain with the city. To prevent this the Jordanians built a series of fortifications in that mile, and its centerpiece was Amunition Hill, an apt name borrowed from the days after the British conquered the city in 1917 and General Allenby stored his army's ammunition there.

On the night between June 5th and 6th 1967 the IDF paratroopers, backed by a few tanks, made their attack, directly on the Jordanian fortifications. The section of the battle on Ammunition Hill raged from about 2am to 5:30, early next morning. It was face to face combat, between the best forces each side had. 71 Jordanians were killed, and 35 Israelis.

A few hours later the IDF paratroopers were at the Western Wall (Kotel) in the Old City of Jerusalem.

In 1968 the military band of  IDF Central Command (Pikud Merkaz) recorded a song about the battle.  The final narrative line: "I don't know why I was given a medal, all I wanted to do was to get home in one piece" has acquired mythical stature here in Israel.

Hebrew lyrics
English translation

"It was then the morning of the second day of the war in Jerusalem. The horizon paled in the east. We were at the climax of the battle on Ammunition Hill. We'd been fighting there for three hours. A fierce battle was under way. Fatal. The Jordanians fought stubbornly. It was a position fortified in an exceptional manner. At a certain point in the fight there remained next to me only four soldiers. We went up there with a force of two platoons. I didn't know where the others were because the connection with Dudik, the platoon commander, was cut off still at the beginning of the battle. At that moment I thought that everyone had been killed."

At two, two-thirty
We entered through the stony terrain
To the field of fire and mines
Of Ammunition Hill

Against bunkers which were fortified
And 120mm mortars
A hundred and some boys
On Ammunition Hill

The pillar of dawn had not yet risen
Half a platoon lay in blood
But we were already there at least
On Ammunition Hill

Among the walls and the mines
We left only the medics
And we ran ahead without our senses
Towards Ammunition Hill

"At that same moment a grenade was thrown from outside. Miraculously we weren't hit. I was afraid the Jordanians would throw more grenades. Someone had to run from above and cover. I didn't have time to ask who would volunteer. I sent Eitan. Eitan didn't hesitate for a moment. He climbed up and began to fire his machine gun. Sometimes he would overtake me and I'd have to yell to him to remain in line with me. That's how we crossed some 30 meters. Eitan would cover from above and we would clear the bunkers from within, until he was hit in the head and fell inside."

We went down into the trenches
Into the pits and channels
And towards the death in the tunnels
Of Ammunition Hill

And no one asked where to
Whoever went first fell
One needed lots of luck
On Ammunition Hill

Whoever fell was dragged to the back
In order not to disrupt the movement forward
Until fell the next in line
On Ammunition Hill

Perhaps we were lions
But whoever wanted still to live
Should not have been
On Ammunition Hill

"We decided to try blowing up their bunker with a bazooka. The bazooka made a few scratches in the concrete. We decided to try with explosive material. I waited above them until the guy came back with the explosives. He would throw me package after package, and I would lay them one by one at the entrance of their bunker. They had a system of their own: first they threw a grenade, afterwards they fired a volley, and then they rested. Between volley and grenade, I would approach the entrance of their bunker and place the explosives. I triggered the explosives and moved away as far as I could. I had four meters in which to move because also behind me were [Arab] Legionnaires. I don't know why I received a commendation, I simply wanted to get home safely."

At seven, seven-twenty
To the police school
Were gathered all those who remained
From Ammunition Hill

Smoke arose from the hill
The sun in the east rose higher
We returned to the city, seven
From Ammunition Hill

We returned to the city, seven
Smoke arose from the hill
The sun in the east rose higher
On Ammunition Hill

On fortified bunkers
And on our brothers, men
Who remained there aged 20
On Ammunition Hill

This video was taken on the Ammunition Hill, 

which stands as it did that morning, 

a memorial to the soldiers who died reclaiming Jerusalem.

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IDF Commandos

IDF Training and service is difficult and rewarding. IDF Commandos receive the highest level of instruction available and are called on to complete difficult missions.

Elite Israel Defense Forces special forces units, called Syeret in Hebrew (reconnaissance unit) are usually a company or a battalion in strength.

IDF Reconnaissance battalions are typically made up of three specialized companies:
1. Demolitions
2. Reconnaissance
3. Anti-Tank / Heavy Weapons

IDF Commando units specialize in sea-to-land incursions, counter-terrorism, sabotage, maritime intelligence gathering and maritime hostage rescue. Only a handful missions have ever been publicized or otherwise missions publicly attributed to the units. The IDF Commando units are respected as among the best of the world’s special forces units.

IDF Commandos deploy undetected into combat and hostile environments to conduct special reconnaissance, establish assault zones or airfields, while simultaneously conducting air traffic control and commando actions, Commando and Counter-Terrorism missions, etc. They also excel in Accurate demolitions and planting of pinpoint explosives, Defusing bombs, landmines and unexploded ordnance (Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD)), Maritime sabotage and obstacles breaching, Searching and destroying smuggling tunnels, Developing advanced methods and tools for demolitions and EOD.

How to get in: A few time each year the IDF holds a notoriously grueling selection camp (Gibbush) for potential recruits lasting several sleepless days. The recruits are constantly monitored by doctors and psychologists. Only those who make it through the end with passing evaluation marks are admitted to the units.


Once admitted to an IDF Commando unit, recruits train for many months with heavy emphasis on small arms, martial arts(Krav Maga), navigation, camouflage, reconnaissance and other skills important for survival behind enemy lines. The training regime consists of the following:

* Four months of basic infantry training, held in the various basic training bases
* Two months advanced infantry training, within the unit.
* Three weeks parachuting course in the IDF Parachuting School.
* Five weeks counter-terror (CT) course in the IDF Counter-Terror Warfare School, followed by more inner-unit CT training.
* The rest of the training is dedicated to long-range reconnaissance patrol training, and especially to navigation/orienteering, which is of vast importance in the specific commando unit.

Although each IDF Commando unit has its own insignia, IDF Servicemen are not allowed to wear it in public due to the unit's classified nature.

Some of the IDF Commando units that became public over the years include (other units which have not gone public also exist):

* Sayeret Matkal is a special operations unit under the IDF Intelligence Command. It is a designated deep reconnaissance unit but it also has counter-terrorist responsibilities. The unit is modelled on the British Special Air Service (SAS). It is perhaps most known internationally for Operation Entebbe (in which they rescued more than 100 Air France airline passengers hijacked to Uganda by PLO ) and similar operations like Operation Isotope. It is considered the most elite unit in the IDF
* Sayeret Golani is an elite special operations unit. It consists of three highly trained Special Forces companies. This unit has been so successful because of the soldiers aggressiveness, expertise, and training.
* Maglan is a commando unit which specialized in operating behind enemy lines. The unit is relatively new, and little is known about it. Maglan is best known for its part in the Second Lebanon War.
* Shaldag is the Israeli Air Force Commando unit. They perform special missions by using advanced combat technologies. It is best known for its actions in Operation Litani, Operation Accountability, Operation Sharp and Smooth, and the speculation about its role in Operation Orchard.
* Sayeret Yael is a special elite combat engineering and commando unit of the Combat Engineering Corps. It is specialized in accurate demolitions and planting pinpoint explosives along with other high-scale combat engineering operations in and outside the Israeli borders. Sayeret Yael is part of Yahalom - elite combat engineering unit for special missions, which beside engineering commando also deals with EOD, bomb disposal, robotics, counter-tunnels warfare, development of combat engineering equipment and other classified tasks.
* Shayetet 13 ("Flotilla 13") is the elite Israeli amphibious naval special forces commando unit (SEALs). It is known for its Tyre raid, Operation Spring of Youth and Operation Bulmus 6.
* Duvdevan Unit - The Duvdevan Unit is one of the most renowned special forces units in Israel for its undercover operations.
* Sayeret Tzanhanim is an elite unit contained within the Paratroop Brigade. The unit participated in the Entebbe operation in conjunction with Sayeret Matkal and Sayeret Golani
* Sayeret Egoz - IDF Northern Command Counter-Guerilla Unit
* Unit Oketz - IDF K-9 unit (Along with Unit Yaban has Women operators within its ranks)
* Unit Moran & Unit Meitar - IDF Artillery Corps Special Forces Anti-Armour Units
* Unit Yachmam - IDF Target Observation and Deep Reconnaissance
* Unit Yanmam - Airborne-capable Anti-Aircraft unit
* Sayeret Haruv - IDF Central Command Special Forces unit
* Sayeret Shaked - IDF Southern Command Special Forces unit
* Sayeret Rimon - Counter-Terrorism unit that was forerunner to others like Shimshon and Duvdevan.
* Samson's Foxes - Gaza Strip: Counter-Terrorism unit
* Unit Yaban - IDF/Navy Force Protection unit (Along with Unit Oketz has Women operators within its ranks)
* Unit Yaltam - IDF/Navy Salvage and Recovery unit
* Unit 669 - IDF/AF Aeromedical Rescue Unit.
* Palsar 7 & Palsar 188 & Palsar 401 - The 7th, 188th and 401st Armored Brigades Reconnaissance units
* Unit 707 - Former IDF/Navy Defensive Divers unit.
* Unit 5707 - IDF/AF Target Observation and Surveillance unit.
* Unit 869 - Specialist Visual Intelligence, Observation and Surveillance unit
* Unit Alpinistim - IDF Alpine unit that patrols the Golan Heights and provides protection for IDF Electronic Listening Posts located at Mount Hermon and Har Avital. This unit also provides alpine rescue services.

Each of the four Infantry Brigades (Golani, Givati, Nahal and Paratroopers) has its own Reconnaissance battalions (as mentioned above) contained within it. Each unit belong to a specific regional command where it mainly operates.

* Nahal Reconnaissance battalion - belong to central command - mainly operates in Judea and Samaria
* Paratroopers Reconnaissance battalion - belong to central command - mainly operatesJudea and Samaria
* Golani Reconnaissance battalion - belong to northern command - mainly operates on the Syrian and Lebanese borders.
* Givati Reconnaissance battalion - belong to southern command - mainly operates on the Egyptian and Jordanian borders and cover the Gaza strip

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Uh oh Russia Donates APC's to the PA

Russia has delivered 50 BTR-70 armored personnel carriers (APC) to Jordan for PA use, the vehicles are a gift to the PA, and include training for drivers and mechanics.
A Russian government statement said the vehicles are now waiting “until the PA and the Israeli sides agree on the time and ways of their transfer to the [PA].”

Russian BTR-70 armored personnel carriers (APC) destined for the PA

The terrorist organization Hamas is waiting to receive the APC's. Israel does not plan on letting them through.

Although they are scheduled to be delivered unarmed, the APC's in question can easily be turned into combat vehicles.

I was able to find all of the specs on line except the weaknesses. Hypothetically, this may become relevant.    Please leave a comment and let me know if you know how one of these vehicles can be stopped.

VEHICLE SPECS
	BTR-70
Country of Origin	CIS (formerly USSR)
Role	Amphibious armored personnel carrier
Date Of Introduction	Late 1970s
Crew	3 (commander, driver, gunner)) + 8 passengers
Combat Weight	12.7 tons (11.5 mt)
Ground Pressure	?
Drive Formula	8 x 8
Length, Overall	24.72 ft (7.535 m)
Width, Overall	9.19 ft (2.8 m)
Height, Overall	7.33 ft (2.235 m)
Ground Clearance	18.7 in (475 mm)
PERFORMANCE
	BTR-70
Engine	Two 120 hp (89 kw) ZMZ-4905 8-cylinder gasoline
Range	373 miles (600 km)
Fuel Capacity	92 gal (350 l)
Road Speed	50 mph (80 km/h)
Cross Country Speed	28 mph (45 km/h)
Swim Speed	6.2 mph (10 km/h)
Fording Depth	Amphibious
Grade	60%
Side Slope	40%
Trench Crossing	6.6 ft (2.0 m)
Vertical Wall Climb	1.6 ft (0.5 m)
PROTECTION
	BTR-70
Armor	Hull: 0.39 in (10 mm). Turret: 0.28 in (7 mm)
ARMAMENT
BTR-70 Typical Gun Type Mount Typical Ammo Load 14.5mm KPVT heavy machine gun Turret 500 7.62mm PKT machine gun Coaxial to main gun 2,000 Firing ports: 3 on each side of troop compartment

The BTR-70 (Bronetransporter-70) is a fully amphibious vehicle that is propelled through the water by a single water jet at the rear of the hull. The vehicle has an all-welded hull with improved protection over its frontal arc, as compared to the original BTR-60 series. The nose is also wider and the front of the vehicle provides added protection to the front wheels.

The commander and driver are seated at the front with the commander on the right and the driver on the left. The troop compartment is to the rear of the turret and the engine compartment is at the rear of the vehicle. The BTR-70 has a filtration and overpressurization system for NBC protection.

Like the BTR-60PB,the BTR-70 has good cross-country capability, high road speed, and large troop-carrying capacity. The redesigned seating arrangement allows the troops to sit back-to-back, facing outward. The vehicle's versatility and amphibious capability are also advantages.


Recognition features:

• An overall shape similar to the BTR-60 series.
• Three forward-facing periscopes and one side-facing periscope for observation to the front and sides for both the commander and driver.
• A turret identical to that fitted to the BTR-60PB and the BRDM-2 amphibious scout car.
• A commander's single-piece front-opening hatch cover and a driver's single-piece rear-opening hatch cover.
• Two front windows, one for the commander and one for the driver, which are covered in combat by an armored hatch cover hinged at the top.
• Three firing ports and one vision block in each side the troop compartment to the rear.
• Two square roof hatches over the top of the troop compartment, each with a circular firing port.
• A prominent gap between the second and third wheels.
• Cigar-shaped exhaust pipes mounted high on the rear of the hull that run down each side towards the rear.
• A single-piece rear-mounted hydro-jet cover.
• A trim vane that is erected at the front of the hull before entering the water and stowed on the top of the hull when travelling. On the BTR-60 series the trim vane is carried under the nose of the vehicle.
• Split rim wheels.
• Two foot steps on each side, between the first and second and third and fourth wheels and two small half doors, one on each side, that open forward between the second and third wheels
• A low-silhouette stretched body.

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This day in Jewish History

From tonight until tommorow observant Jews will endure the 25 hour fast of Tisha B'Av. Tisha B'Av means, simply, the 9th day of the Hebrew month of Av.

Why is there a fast? The Mishnah explains:

On the ninth of Av it was decreed that our ancestors should not enter the Holy Land, the first and the second Temples were destroyed, Betar was taken, and the City of Jerusalem was plowed over.

Ta'anit 4:6 (26b). Since the completion of the Talmud in the 5th and 6th centuries CE, calamitous events have continued to befall the Jewish people on the 9th of Av. On the 9th of Av in 1290, King Edward I issued his decree expelling the Jews from England - a decree that would remain in effect until 1656 - and on the 9th of Av in 1492, the decree of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella expelling the Jews from Spain, issued back in March, took effect. The Nazis, well aware of the importance of this day, deliberately made their own additions to this list of calamities.

More

421 bce Destruction of First Temple by the Babylonians, under Nebuchadnezar. About 100,000 Jews killed during invasion. Exile of remaining Jews to Babylon and Persia.
70 Destruction of Second Temple by Romans, under Titus. Over 2,500,000 Jews die as a result of war. Over 1,000,000 Jews exiled to all parts of the Roman Empire. Over 100,000 Jews sold as slaves by Romans.  Jews killed and tortured in gladiatorial "games" and pagan celebrations.
132 Bar Kochba revolt crushed. Jewish city of Betar destroyed - over 100,00 Jews were killed by the Romans.
133 Turnus Rufus plows site of Temple. Romans build pagan city of Aelia Capitolina on site of Jerusalem.
1095 First Crusade declared by Pope Urban II. 10,000 Jews killed in first month of Crusade. Crusades bring death and destruction to thousands of Jews, totally obliterate many communities in Rhineland and France.
1290 Expulsion of Jews from England - Edward I (England), announced the expulsion of all the Jews. The expulsion came on Tisha B’Av, Jews had to pay their own passage. The Jews did not return to England until 1659. This was the first national expulsion of the Jews.
1306 Jews expelled from France.
1492 Inquisition in Spain and Portugal culminates in the expulsion of the Jews from the Iberian Peninsula that brought the death of countless Jews.
1716 Jews of Brussels were ordered expelled.
1914 Britain and Russia declare war on Germany. First World War begins, ultimately causing Second World War and Holocaust. 75% of all Jews in war zones. Jews in armies of all sides - 120,000 Jewish casualties in armies. Over 400 pogroms immediately following war in Hungary, Ukraine, Poland and Russia.
1942 Deportations from Warsaw Ghetto to the Treblinka concentration camp begin. "The first transport of 'deportees' left Malkinia on July 23, 1942, in the morning hours. It was loaded with Jews from the Warsaw ghetto. The train was made up of sixty closed cars, crowded with people. The car doors were locked from the outside, and the air apertures barred with barbed wire."
1994 The deadly bombing the building of the AMIA (the Jewish community center in Buenos Aires, Argentina) which killed 86 people and wounded some 300 others.

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New laptop

I'm considering buying a new laptop to replace my old one.

I'm open for suggestions from you.

If you have experience with Apple Laptops please leave a comment with your thoughts.






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IDF Women are in uniform for 2 years until released from active duty and relegated to the IDF reserves تنسيق-الكليات-لعام سكس نيك كس

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IDF Merkava Main Battle Tank

The Merkava (מרכבה Chariot) MBT is the main battle tank of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). The "Merkava" name was derived from the IDF's initial development program name.




Design: The Merkava MBT is optimized for crew survival and rapid repair of battle damage. The Merkava MBT uses spaced-armor techniques and quick-replacement modular designs in which the design team was able to incorporate composite armor, a derivative of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) and Chobham armor. The space between the inner and outer hulls of the Merkava MBT is filled with diesel which is an economical storage method and a means of defeating HEAT rounds.

Layout: Following the model of contemporary self-propelled howitzers, the turret assembly is located nearer the rear than in most main battle tanks. This gives the crew additional protection against a frontal attack by putting the engine between them and the attack. This arrangement also creates more space in the rear of the tank that allows increased storage capacity, as well as a rear entrance to the main crew compartment allowing easy access even under enemy fire. This allows the tank to be used as a platform for medical disembarkation, a forward command and control station, and an armored personnel carrier. The clamshell-style doors on the rear entrance provide overhead protection when loading and unloading cargo and personnel.

The IDF officially adopted the Merkava MBT in December 1978, when the first complete battalion of 30 tanks was delivered for initial unit training.

Specifications:
Weight 65 tons
Length 9.04 m (29.66 ft): rear to muzzle
7.60 m (24.93 ft): without cannon
Width 3.72 m (12.2 ft)—without skirts
Height 2.66 m (8.73 ft)—turret roof
Crew 4 (commander, driver, gunner, loader)
Armor design Classified composite matrix of laminated ceramic-steel-nickel alloy. Sloped modular
Primary armament 120 mm (4.7 in) MG253 smoothbore gun, capable of firing LAHAT ATGM
Secondary armament 1 × 12.7 mm (0.5 in) MG
2 × 7.62 mm (0.3 in) MG
1 × 60 mm (2.4 in) internal mortar
12 smoke grenades
Engine 1,500 hp (1,119 kW) turbocharged diesel engine
Power/weight 23 hp/ton
Payload capacity 48 rounds
Transmission Renk RK 325
Suspension Helical spring
Ground clearance 0.45 m (1.48 ft)
Fuel capacity 1400 litres
Operational Range 500 km (311 mi)
Speed 64 km/h (40 mph) on road 55 km/h (34 mph) off road


More Video and Pictures here

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IDF Women are drafted for at least 2 years to serve Israel in various roles including combat and support تنسيق-الكليات-لعام سكس نيك كس IDF Dance guns weapons rifles

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